Agriculture 402 Thoughts On How I Envision The Africa Of My Dreams - 275 Words

Agriculture 402: Thoughts On How I Envision The Africa Of My Dreams (Essay Sample) Content: James Baya Professor Benson Mochoge Agriculture 402 November 2, 2017 The Africa of My Dreams Africa, a continent considered to be the cradle of mankind; a continent endowed with a diversity of ethnic groups; a variety of wildlife; an abundance of natural resources; great historical sites; tourist attractions; and warm weather. "Mama Africa", a continent that everybody wants to associate themselves with, now that the movie Black Panther is a hit all around the world. I am proud to be an African, and in this essay I share my thoughts on how I envision the Africa of my dreams. First and foremost, the Africa of my dreams is an Africa where every farmer has sufficient knowledge pertaining to any agricultural enterprise that he/she plans to venture in; be it crop farming or livestock farming. I envision a scenario where every farmer in Africa will, at least, have a diploma in an agriculture-related course. The wisemen did not go astray when they uttered that knowledge is power! With sufficient knowledge pertaining to a given enterprise, it will be easy for farmers to maximize production; and thus maximize profits. Farmers will be able to: keep good farm records; read and understand instructions on how to use agrochemicals and farm equipment; select the best breeds of animals for mating; choose the best seed varieties for sowing; decide on the best time for planting; decide upon the best method of planting; decide on the appropriate time for harvesting; and also the best method of pricing their products. Sufficient knowledge will also enable farmers to minimi se post-harvest food loss; because a lot of food is usually lost and wasted through contamination, deterioration, spoilage, and spillage. Secondly, the Africa of my dreams is an Africa where there is a ready market for all its agricultural products; an Africa where its people are more than willing to purchase and consume products that are produced locally by farmers in the continent. I envision an Africa where every farmer will be practising contract farming; a situation where every farmer will know the quantity and/or quality of a given product that a buyer requires and how much he/she is willing to pay for it. A situation where every farmer already knows the market for his/her products before he/she even ventures in the enterprise. This will help farmers to avoid a situation where their products are ready but there's no market for the products. In any business, the customer is king; a business can thrive or fail depending on whether there is an absence or presence of customers. Thirdly, the Africa of my dreams is an Africa where all the African leaders put their best feet forward to promote the agricultural sector in their countries by: making it easy for farmers to procure loans; reducing taxes on agricultural inputs for example fertilisers; providing scholarships to farmers to enhance their studies; making it easy for farmers to lease agricultural land; increasing budget allocation to the agricultural sector; encouraging agricultural extension; creating an environment where farmers can engage in free trade within the region. Fourthly, the Africa of my dreams is an Africa where every farmer is able to keep abreast with the latest agricultural technologies for crop production and/or livestock production; a situation where no farmer employs cumbersome methods to produce crops or rear animals. I envision an Africa where every dairy farmer will be using the latest milking machines to milk their cows; I envision a situation where every farmer will be using the best methods of preservation to preserve their crop yields. Moreover, the Africa of my dreams is an Africa where farmers employ rainwater harvesting techniques to collect and store water during the rainy season, and then use the water to irrigate their crops during the dry season or during periods of inadequate rainfall. I envision an Africa where no farmer practises rainfed agriculture; I envision a situation where even if it doesn't rain for a whole year, farmers are still able ...

Oscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray Essay - 1517 Words

The sensual imagery that occurs throughout the novel in connection with Dorian demonstrates how he tries to live surrounded by exquisite sensations. As Oscar Wilde once said, â€Å" Beauty is above genius, because it does not require understanding.† This shows that beauty is everything no matter who it s towards. Oscar Wilde was a well known author for his brilliant wit, his style in writing , and infamous imprisonment for homosexuality. He shows his great works in the novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, which is about how Dorian Gray meets Lord Henry Wotton at the studio of Basil Hallward, who uses Dorian as a model for one of his latest paintings. Lord Henry tells Dorian about epicurean views on life, and convinces him of the value of beauty above all other things in the world. The critical lens of beauty helps the reader come to the conclusion that Beauty through Oscar Wilde’s use of the beauty of objects, experiences and people all suggest that beauty has a meaningf ul place in The Picture of Dorian Gray. Oscar Wilde describes how Dorian Gray saw objects to simply show the wonders of beauty in something solid rather than something non existing and to life. When the novel opens in the gorgeous flower-filled rooms of Hallward s house they have been working on the handsome youth. This shows that the fresh flowers in the room show youth of beauty. On page 2, â€Å" But beauty, real beauty, ends where an intellectual expression begins.† This quotation said by Gray shows thatShow MoreRelatedOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1544 Words   |  7 Pagescelebrity I find that it is inevitable to avoid being a part of some sort of controversy. At the height of Oscar Wilde’s career is where he found himself in just that. Although Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray is praised today, in the late 1800s it was seen by others as a negative shift in society and literature. In the film â€Å"Wilde†, after the release of Th e Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde’s wife Constance and his mother Jane have a conversation in regards to the novel that gives insight toRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1656 Words   |  7 Pagesstill embraced some radical views that today we would associate as prudishness and repression. In 1890, author Oscar Wilde wrote The Picture of Dorian Gray and submitted it to Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine. The magazine’s editor, J.M. Stoddert, immediately declined the novel and determined that it would offend the sensibilities of his readership (Wilde x). It was believed that Oscar Wilde’s book contained explicit sexual, especially homosexual, content which contradicted the time period of theRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1040 Words   |  5 PagesCorruption can do many things. It can lead to unstable lifestyles, pollute minds and bring on the downfall of just about anything or anyone. One of the best examples would be from the s tory, Dorian gray by Oscar Wilde. This story showed a young Dorian living his innocent life, only to be surrounded and influenced by the corrupt society around him and would ultimately lead to his demise. It is not easy to define corruption as a whole. But to narrow it down, corruption is mainly associated with briberyRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1049 Words   |  5 PagesKevin McElroyIn The Picture of Dorian Gray, the author Oscar Wilde relays the message to the reader that youth decays with age but value and beauty does not. The character Dorian Gray mourned his stage of youth through the portrait instead of having cherished the times he experienced. This use of symbolism through the portrait is Wilde s way of expressing this theme. This main symbol is the portrait itself as the author uses it to gradually reveal Dorian’s true identity. Dorian Gray is an attractiveRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1644 Words   |  7 PagesLooking back on Oscar Wilde s life, there are many realizations that he struggled finding something that suited him best with his type of work. A man of the 19th century, who is best known for his only novella The Picture of Dorian Gray and his play The Importance of Being Earnest as well as his infamous arrest, imprisonment and being a gay author leading to his downfall. Oscar Wilde who was known as a playwright, author, sometime poet, and also a not very motivated school student, still came toRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray2021 Words   |  9 PagesMcNeight English Lit II 3/1/15 Dorian Gray: A Battle With One’s Self Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† is a story that focuses on the journey of an innocent and pure man, and his downward spiral of giving into temptation and committing crime, and living a life of pleasure. The story is centered around the idea of aestheticism. Everything is beautiful, the thought of something having any kind of â€Å"moral† meaning is just absurd. â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† by Oscar Wilde both honors and condemnsRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1998 Words   |  8 PagesRackshana Sithirasenan Mr. Cimetta ENG4U1-01 24 November 2014 Dorian’s Pursuit Towards Hedonism Dorian Gray once told Henry The soul . . . can be bought, and sold. It can be poisoned, or made perfect (Wilde 213). Likewise, it would not be beneficial for one to sacrifice their soul with an exception of exchanging it in order to attain perfection. Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray explores the themes and ideologies of Hedonism and Aestheticism. Hedonists believe that pleasure is the mostRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1295 Words   |  6 Pages It is apparent that vanity, sin, and beauty are the key elements found in The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. But, where do these elements originate from? What is the reason behind man’s internal need to pursue sin or his ideal sense of beauty that, on occasion, leads to his vanity? In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde explores naturalism through the use of symbolism and the tools of characterization, such as speech, action, interiority, the narrator, and the actions of other charact ersRead MoreAnalysis of Oscar Wilde ´s The Picture of Dorian Gray590 Words   |  2 Pages The Picture of Dorian Gray The difference between art and life is quite simple, art is created and imagined by an artist and life is a representation of the living and the actuality of experiencing situations. Conversely, in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde demonstrates how the main characters mistake art for life, and life for art. Through The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde reveals the proper perspective for life and art, art has the ability to stand alone in society withoutRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of Oscar Wilde s The Canterville Ghost And The Picture Of Dorian Gray Essay2157 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of characters, plot and literary criticism of Oscar Wilde’s Novel â€Å"The Canterville Ghost† and â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† Oscar Wilde was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and critic. He is viewed as one of the best dramatists of the Victorian Era. Besides literary accomplishments, he is also famous, or perhaps or notorious, for his intelligence, showiness, and affairs with men. He was tried and imprisoned for his homosexual relationship (then considered a crime)

How to Use and Conjugate Plurals of German Nouns

In English, its simple: just add an -s or -es to form the plural of a noun. In German, however, it is a little more complex. Not only do you have to deal with changing everything that precedes a noun when you pluralize it, but now you are faced with at least five choices to change the noun into! But do not despair, you can either a) memorize the plural of a noun or b) follow the guidelines for the five main groups of plural formation, which we have listed below. We suggest you do both. In time and with a little practice, youll be able to get the natural feel for noun plural formation. The Different Plural Nouns The main groups of plural noun formation are as follows: Plural Nouns With -E Endings: Most German nouns that consist of one syllable will add -e to form plurals in all grammatical cases. EXCEPTION: in the dative -en is used. Some nouns will also have umlaut changes. Plural Nouns With -ER Endings: Nouns in this group add –er when plural (-ern in the dative case) and are always either masculine or neuter. There may be some umlaut changes. Plural Nouns With -N/EN Endings: These nouns add either –n or –en to form the plural in all four cases. They are mostly feminine and have no umlaut changes. Plural Nouns With -S Endings: Similar to English, these nouns add an –s in plural form. They are mostly of foreign origin and have therefore no umlaut changes. Plural Nouns With No End Changes: Nouns in this group do not change their word endings in the plural, except for in the dative case where -n is added. There might be some umlaut changes. Most nouns in this group are either neuter or masculine and usually contain one of the following endings: -chen, -lein, -el, -en or -er.

Why Buying American Is The Best Choice - 1571 Words

Why buying American is the best choice The question to whether we should buy strictly American made products has been around for a long time many people think it’s a good idea and many think it’s a bad idea. I think that we should buy strictly American made products because if we start making these products our self it could open up more jobs for Americans to fill and it could help to drop the unemployment rate. It has been stated by Roger Simmermaker that â€Å"In just the last 10 years the United States has lost out on approximately 2 trillion dollars in cumulative trade deficits with china alone†(Simmermaker 1). That is money that we the Americans could have profited from if we would just make the products ourselves and buy from other†¦show more content†¦In trying to strictly buy just American made products there are going to be pros and cons but no matter what you do there are always pros and cons. The pros to doing this would be better quality as the American made products are normally much nicer and more reliable, just think if you buy from American companies it will probably be so much easier to contact the company you are trying to buy goods from because there was always that trouble trying to get ahold of a supplier say if he was based out of china and maybe he didn’t speak English maybe he did but then you would have to work out a time to call as the time would be completely different it may be 2 p.m. here and it might be 4 a.m. there it was always just a hassle. Another Pro would be with all the new companies that would start business in America because everyone wants to buy products strictly from America that could have huge benefit on the unemployed that would give more people jobs and it would have a chance to lower the unemployment rate. But if the American based companies want to stand a chance they would need to sell goods to where the people have to pay for them they can’t be public goods. If they are public goods everyone would take adv antage of the company because the company can’t exclude them now they have a free rider problem. So the only way to make a profit is through selling these products. As with all pros there always cons to something the cons to buying strictly American made products would be

Essay about Education and Affirmative Actions - 951 Words

What does equality mean? For many centuries, America has had a difficult time answering that question. In the seventeenth and eighteenth century, African Americans were not equal since Americans called them property, put them in chains and beat those people. From the seventeen to the nineteen hundreds, women were forbidden to vote; they had to stay at home or work in small factory, thus, they were not equal. However, nowadays, issues of equality are challenged through affirmative action. Across the nation, the use of affirmative action in education has stirred controversy. Some people believe that instigating affirmative action in the college admissions process would create a diverse education. Nevertheless, some consider that it is merely†¦show more content†¦The diversity of students made a dramatically change. Now, not only gaining knowledge from the professors but students also gain from each other. â€Å"It made people more honest, think harder, learn more, and be more sensitive to others†, Professor Gaston says (Clayton). Thus, college experience will help students be more tolerant concerning distinctiveness and gives them an opportunity not to learn but to live in harmony with people of different backgrounds around them. Not only create a diversity environment, Affirmative Action also helps to increase the chance for minority group to get accepted into higher education system. Students from families where few people have pursued higher education are less likely to excel in high school. By the 12th grade, black students, on average, will be four years behind a typical white or Asian student (Thernstrom). In 1997, by approving proposition 209 which stated: â€Å"The state shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting†, two of the à ©lite University of California campuses, Berkeley and UCLA, witnessed a dramatic decrease in black and Hispanic admissions. The number of black freshman at Berkeley declined by nearly 57% and by 43% at UCLA (Krauthammer). Therefore, without Affirmative Action,Show MoreRelatedAffirm ative Action And Its Impact On Education985 Words   |  4 Pagesthe executive order of Affirmative Action, which first barred government employers from discriminating based on â€Å"race, creed, color, or national origin† (Kennedy, 1961). Overtime the use of affirmative action moved from jobs to the education system. Affirmative action in schools truly gained momentum following the Brown v. Board of Education as educational institutions began to comply with the Supreme Court’s ruling to integrate schools. When the Supreme Court ruled on education President Johnson affirmedRead MoreEssay on Education and Affirmative Action1082 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen challenged by affirmative action. Across the nation, the use of affirmative action in education has stirred significant controversy. Some people believe that instigating affirmative action in the college admissions process would create a much more diverse educational environment. However, others believe affirmative act ion is merely a means of reverse discrimination against white and Asian students alike. Rather than helping minority students, I believe that affirmative action restricts them fromRead MoreAffirmative Action And Its Effect On Education2230 Words   |  9 PagesAffirmative Action(,/;?) Necessary or Detrimental to Education? Martin Luther King Jr. once proclaimed â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.† This quote is infamous, and has been adopted as the essential basis of the minority equality movement. However, minority equality supporters and activists also support a policy that directly contradicts Martin Luther KingRead MoreAffirmative Action And Its Impact On Education3441 Words   |  14 Pages Since its creation in 1965 affirmative action has been heralded by supporters as a landmark achievement and a means to erase the legacy of discrimination and raise the educational outcomes and benefits of America’s protected classes.1 Despite the support it has received, there are large numbers of people who have expressed their opposition to affirmative action in education, claiming that it is a form of discrimination, and questioning its effectiveness. As the debate rages, researchers have exhaustivelyRead MoreIs Affirmative Action in Higher Education Outdated?783 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Is Affirmative Action in Higher Education Outdated? Affirmative action policies have been in place since 1957 (Rubio 144). Presidents Kennedy and Johnson signed executive orders in 1961 and 1964, respectively, requiring government agencies and their contractors to take affirmative steps to ensure minority participation. Johnsons order was modified two years later to include women. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discriminatory hiring, promotion, and retention practices in both the privateRead MoreAffirmative Action Programs : Education And Employment Essay2090 Words   |  9 Pages Affirmative action (AA) programs began as a management tool designed to ensure equal opportunity both in education and employment in the United States for members of underrepresented racial groups. There are numerous amounts of evidence to support that affirmative action programs have done exactly what they were established to do, but like with â€Å"any government policy that gives a positive meaning to some non-class non economic group differe nce†(Steinberg : 270) there are critics, who fail toRead MoreGender And The Board Of Education And Affirmative Action2864 Words   |  12 PagesHistorically, certain groups have been underrepresented and unsuccessful in higher education. These groups include Hispanics, Latinos, African Americans, etc. Efforts have been made at the federal and institutional level to reverse this phenomenon, namely Brown vs. The Board of Education and Affirmative Action. Despite these efforts, African Americans, or Blacks, still lag behind in graduation rates relative to other races and Black males even more so. There has been a myriad of research done andRead MoreEssay on The Negative Effects of Affirmative Action on Education1472 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity was required to select a set amount of minorities before them thanks to something knows as affirmative action. On the other hand, you may be a minority who simply can’t earn the feeling of equality because of educational and em ployed handicaps. Affirmative action in our education system it an unjust practice that we can do without if we can learn to live in a color-blind society. Affirmative action was first established in 1961 in order to ensure that minorities could secure a job based on theirRead MoreRace Based Affirmative Action On Higher Education Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesRace-Based Affirmative Action in Higher Education In 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, or CEEO. One purpose of the CEEO was to â€Å"recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination† (Kennedy). This executive order planted the seeds that grew into what is today known as â€Å"race-based affirmative action,† or theRead MoreAffirmative Action : The Education System And Job Market1284 Words   |  6 Pagesprogram affirmative action was instilled into universities around the nation, it set different qualifications for minority applicants and assigned points based off race. With these new criteria instigated, people saw the program as alluding to the notion that if you came from a particular race, the bar was no longer set at a high standard and therefore no need to work as hard as before. Others saw it as a great step forwa rd to helping those who needed the extra assistance. Affirmative action began

Professional Presence Essay Example For Students

Professional Presence Essay The relationship between the doctor and the patient is the basis of medicine, the platform on which the treatment process is based. An indicator of professional presence is the ability to establish the necessary psychosocial contact with the patient. It depends on his ability to understand human beings, physical body and spiritual body, whether the patient will follow the proposed recommendations, and regularly take medications. Only a doctor can set up rules with the patient for a positive outcome, make him believe in his strength and capabilities and create a healing environment. The professional qualities of the doctor are manifested in the ability to build the most acceptable relationship and environment with the patient based on the ethical, moral, clinical aspects of the doctor’s activities. The Key Rules With a smart, tactful word, it is possible to cheer up a person’s mood, instill in him courage and hope. At the same time, with a careless word one can deeply hurt the spiritual body, cause a sharp deterioration in human health. Based on this, the need arises for the obligatory possession of a professional presence, psychosocial support and the influence of a medical worker. An important factor in healing is not only what to say, but how, why, where. It is necessary to consider how the respondent to whom the medical worker addresses will respond: the patient, his family, colleagues, and so on. The same thought can be expressed in different ways. Moreover, patients can understand the same word in different ways, depending on their intellect, personal qualities, human beings, the spiritual body, and temperament. Not only words, but also intonation, facial expression, gestures are of great importance in a psychosocial environment of the patient, his relatives, and colleagues. Medical specialists need to have a special â€Å"sensitivity to the person,† possess empathy and the ability to sympathize, put himself in the patients place. He should be able to understand the physical body of the patient and his family, be able to listen to the â€Å"soul† of the patient, calm and convince. We can say that this is a kind of art, and not easy. After all, it is not only the ability to social support but the need in self-discipline. The Connection Between Communication and Healing Every word of the medical staff can have tremendous psychotherapeutic meaning. An important role in the process of interaction between the medical worker and personality is played by the perception and understanding of human beings. It is worth paying attention to the fact that incompetence in communication, at least, on the one hand, can disrupt the entire therapeutic rules of healing, social support and not lead to the desired results. The Samueli Institute is conducting numerous health studies on how medical personnel can influence the healing. Moreover, Samueli researchers are convinced that with proper treatment and understanding of psychology, it is possible to improve the environment and quality of life of a society. Samueli Institute offers training for medical staff in this direction, which is still quite popular today. The nature of the reactions that arise in the system of the higher nervous activity of the patient directly depends on the doctor himself. The entire appearance of the doctor, his manner of staying with the sick, the tone of his conversation, his emotional state is a complex of stimuli with tremendous strength and significance, which are capable of causing a very strong psychosocial and emotional reaction on the part of the patient. Mutual understanding between the doctor and the patient directly affects the effectiveness of treatment and healing as well as the correct diagnosis, and the full medical care provided. When communicating with the personality, especially during the first contact, the doctor should remember rules, be benevolent, with understanding refers to the experiences of the patient and physical body state. A personality who experiences physical and psycho discomfort from his condition does not have enough medical knowledge; it is difficult to find the strength to build a relationship with a doctor, cooperation, focus on the main thing, and the ability to separate the main and secondary. In this regard, it is the physician who should be the initiator of establishing trusting relationships, provide psychosocial support being able to listen to the patient, and express an understanding of what has been said. .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 , .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .postImageUrl , .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 , .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640:hover , .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640:visited , .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640:active { border:0!important; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640:active , .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640 .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u363927696515c428d068be46df01c640:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The papacy EssayPatient and Medical Worker Behavior The behavior of a medical specialist with a patient depends on the characteristics of his psyche, which largely determines the so-called internal health. It can be said that this is the awareness by the patient of his disease, the reflection in his consciousness of the disease, the holistic view of the patient about his disease, its psycho assessment of the subjective manifestations of the disease. These factors are directly influenced by the characteristics of the patient’s personality (temperament, type of higher nervous activity, character, intelligence, and so on). The internal state of the patient is distinguished: sensual level, which implies painful feelings; emotional the patients response to their pain; intellectual knowledge of the disease and its assessment, the degree of awareness of the severity and consequences of the disease; attitude towards the disease, motivation for the return of health. The sensual level is very important because it allows diagnosing the disease more accurately. The emotional level reflects the patient’s experiences diseases. Unfortunately, these emotions are always negative. Proceeding from this, the medical , as a rule, have to show sympathy, to be able to elevate the mood, and instill hope for a favorable end to the disease and in no case should be indifferent to the experiences. The intellectual level depends on personality, intelligence and general cultural development of patients. It should be borne in mind that patients can know a lot about their disease (special literature, Internet). This case allows you to build your relationship with patients on the principles of partnership, without rejecting requests and information available to the patient. People with fairly acute diseases have a lower intellectual level of mind awareness of the sheath. As a rule, they know very little, and this knowledge is very superficial. In such a case, the task of the worker is to the extent necessary and in view of the condition to fill the lack of knowledge about the disease, to make healing environment, to explain the essence of the disease, to tell about the upcoming treatment. In other words, to attract the personality to the joint fight against the disease, aim it at healing, and not at the opposite effect. Knowledge of the intellectual level of the internal state of health allows defining the correct choice of treatment tactics, healing, and psychotherapy. The rules of every medical professional are to manifest humanism, provide a healing environment, to assist the sick, provide social support and never participate in activities that are against physical and mental health. Responsibility for their actions, work and the quality of its performance in the activities of medical workers acquire special meaning in order to heal human. This is due to the fact that no profession has such close, concrete contact with the most important and secret for any person, namely, life and death. Specialists in this area confide in the life and health of people. It is worth remembering that they are responsible not only to the individual person, but also his family, environment, and society as a whole.

Models of Organizational Behavior free essay sample

These philosophies are sometimes explicit and occasionally implicit, in the minds of manager. Five major organizational behavior models includes autocratic, custodial, supportive, collegial and system. Selected Element of a Philosophy Statement * We are committed to quality, cost-effectiveness, and technical excellence. * People should treat each other with consideration, trust and respect. * Each person is valuable, is unique, and makes a contribution. * All employees should be unfailingly committed to excellent performance. Teamwork can, and should, produce far more than the sum of individual efforts. Team members must be reliable and committed to the team. * Innovation is essential * Open communications are important for attaining success. * Decision should be reached participatively. Two sources of Philosophy of Organizational Behavior * Fact Premise are acquired through direct and indirect lifelong learning and are very useful in guiding our behavior. * Value Premise represent o ur views of the desirability of certain goals and activities. Value premises are variable beliefs we hold and are therefore under our control. Values the rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong, should and shouldn’t, good and bad. They also tell us which are more or less important, which is useful when we have to trade off meeting one value over another. Vision It represents a challenging portrait of the organization and its member can be – a possible, and desirable future. Leaders need to create exciting projections about the organization should go and what major changes lie ahead. Once the vision is established, persistent and enthusiastic communication is required to sell it throughout the ranks of employees so they will embrace it with commitment. Mission Identifies the business it is in, the market niches it tries to serve, the types of customers it is likely to have, and the reasons for its existence. It even includes a brief listing of the competitive advantages, or strengths, that the firm believes it has. It is more descriptive and less future-oriented than vision. It needs to be converted to goal to become operational and useful. Goals are relatively concrete formulations of achievements the organization is aiming for within set periods of time, such as one to five years. Goal setting is a complex process, for top management’s goals need to be merged with those of employees, who bring their psychological, social, and economic needs with them to an organization. McGregor’s Theory X and Y, Alternative Sets of Assumption about Employees Theory x * The typical person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. The typical person lacks responsibility, has little ambition, and seeks security above all. * Most people must be coerced, controlled, and threaten with punishment to get them to work. * Managerial role is to coerce and control employees Theory Y * Work is natural as play or rest. * People are not inherently lazy. They have become that way as result of experience. * People will exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which they are committed. * People have potential. Under proper conditions they learn to accept and seek responsibility. They have imagination, ingenuity, and creativity that can be applied to work. * Managerial role is to develop the potential in employees and help them release that potential toward common objective. Paradigms/Frameworks * Models such as Theory X and Y are also called paradigms, or frameworks of possible explanations for managers. * Managers begin with certain assumptions about people and leads to certain interpretations, implications, and even predictions of events. Importance of Paradigms/Framework * They influence managerial perceptions of the world around them. They define one’s boundaries and proved prescriptions for how to behave. * They encouraged resistance to change, since they have often worked in the past. They may either consciously or unconsciously affect ones behavior. * When new paradigms appear, they provide alternative ways of viewing the world and solving problems. Table 2. 5 models of organizational behavior Facilitators Roles for Managers in the System Model of OB * Support employee commitment to short and long term goals. * Coach individuals and groups in the appropriate skills and behaviors. Model and foster self-esteem. * Show genuine concern and empathy for people. * Offer timely and acceptable feedback. * Influence people to learn continuously and share that learning with others. * Help individuals identify and confront issues in ethical ways. * Stimulate insights through interviews, questions, and suggestions. * Encourage people to feel comfortable with change and uncertainty. * Build cohesive, productive work teams Conclusion about the Models * Evolving usage * Manager/organization use the models tends to evolve over time. There is no one permanently â€Å"best† model. Primary challenge to management is to identify the model it is actually using and then assess its current effectiveness. * Relation of Models to Human Needs * The five models are closely related to human needs. * Each model is build upon the accomplishments of the other. * Increasing use of some models * The trend toward the supportive, collegial and system models will probably continue. * Only these newer models can offer the satisfaction of the employees needs for esteem, autonomy and self-actualization. Contingent Use of All Models * Though model may be most used at any given time, some appropriate uses will remain for other models. * The five models will continue to be used, but the more advanced models will have growing use as progress is made and employee expectations rise. * Managerial Flexibility * Managers need to identify their current behavioral model and must keep it flexible and current. * Managers need to read, reflect, to interact with others, and to be receptive to ch allenges to their thinking from their colleagues and employees.